Oversized brake piston footing

ABSTRACT

A brake piston is described. The brake piston is configured for use in a disk brake system, the piston comprising: a body having an outside width perpendicular to a central axis; a footing disposed at a distal end of the piston; wherein the footing is configured to exert force on a brake pad during actuation of the disk brake system; the footing having a face configured to contact the brake pad, the face having a length and a width, wherein the length is longer than the outside width of the body, and the length is greater than the width.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates pistons for disk brake systems.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to disk brake caliper pistons and pistonsystems, such as are used for various vehicles including automobiles,trucks, aircraft and the like. Embodiments of the disclosure includepistons having provision for an oversized bearing surface for contactinga brake pad, retraction systems for retracting the portions of thepiston and/or sealing systems internal to the piston.

As vehicles are made larger and heavier, greater braking force can behelpful in stopping the vehicle. Increased braking force can beaccomplished in a number of ways, such as by pushing harder on the brakepedal, increasing the hydraulic advantage within the braking system toachieve greater pressure at the brake piston, increasing the number ofbrake pistons to increase the brake force achieved for a given hydraulicpressure or to increase the diameter of the piston to increase the brakeforce achieved for a given hydraulic pressure.

Increasing the number of pistons can result in problems withimplementing a parking brake system integrated with the brake piston.The reason for this can include that the spindle/nut arrangement, shownfor example in FIG. 5b , should be implemented on both pistonsassociated with a wheel or risk uneven wear and/or uneven application ofbrakes which can lead to other operational problems such as binding ofthe piston.

However, simply increasing the diameter of the piston is limited by thewidth of the brake pad.

In addition, increasing the pressure that the piston operates at toincrease the force also carries a risk of distorting the brake pad dueto the presence of a highly localized force (at the piston), which canalso lead to uneven wear and other operational problems.

SUMMARY

In a first aspect disclosed herein a piston configured for use in a diskbrake system is provided, the piston comprising: a body having anoutside width perpendicular to a central axis; a footing disposed at adistal end of the piston; wherein the footing is configured to exertforce on a brake pad during actuation of the disk brake system; thefooting having a face configured to contact the brake pad, the facehaving a length and a width, wherein the length is longer than theoutside width of the body, and the length is greater than the width.

In an embodiment of the first aspect, a piston assembly is provided, thepiston assembly comprising: a brake piston comprising: a body having anoutside width perpendicular to a central axis; a footing disposed at adistal end of the piston; wherein the footing is configured to exertforce on a brake pad during actuation of the disk brake system; thefooting having a face configured to contact the brake pad, the facehaving a length and a width, wherein the length is longer than theoutside width of the body, and the length is greater than the width; abrake pad; a brake caliper housing; wherein, the brake pad is fitted tothe caliper housing and configured to apply braking force to a rotor inoperational communication with the piston assembly, and the brake pistonis located within a cylinder located in the brake caliber housing, thefooting of the brake piston located adjacent the brake pad; and thebrake pad comprising clips configured to clip to the footing.

In a second aspect disclosed herein a disk brake piston is provided, thedisk brake piston comprising: a load bearing column within a pistonbody, the load bearing column comprising: a footing configured to pushagainst a brake pad; and a core extending from the metal footing andslidably located within the piston body; and a spindle nut located atleast partially within the core, the spindle nut having an inner surfaceconfigured for functional communication with a spindle, and an outersurface in functional communication with the core, the outer surfacehaving a first portion and the core having a corresponding portion,wherein the first portion and the corresponding portion prevent relativerotation of the core and the spindle nut; wherein the spindle nut isconfigured to contact and push the load bearing column which pushes onthe brake pad.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded diagram of an embodiment of a brake systemassembly.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a brake caliper including an embodiment ofa piston having an extended footing.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a brake piston and brake pad.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a brake piston and brake pad.

FIG. 5a shows an embodiment of a brake piston having an extendedfooting.

FIGS. 5c-5f show embodiments of a brake piston utilizing a ball screw.

FIG. 5b shows a cross-section of the brake piston of FIG. 5 a.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a brake piston having an extended footing.

FIG. 7a shows an embodiment of a brake piston having an extendedfooting.

FIG. 7b shows a cross-section of the brake piston of FIG. 7 a.

FIG. 7c is an additional view of the brake piston of FIG. 7 a.

FIG. 8 shows a force pattern of an embodiment of an extended footing.

FIG. 9 shows an exploded diagram of an embodiment of a brake piston.

FIG. 10a shows an embodiment of a brake piston with a load bearingcolumn construction.

FIG. 10b shows a cross-section of the brake piston of FIG. 10 a.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of a brake piston with a load bearing columnconstruction.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment of a brake piston with a load bearing columnconstruction.

FIG. 13 shows an exploded diagram of an embodiment of a brake pistonwith a load bearing column construction.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of a brake piston with a coupler.

FIGS. 15a-d show embodiments of recesses for a coupler for a brakepiston.

FIG. 16 shows an embodiment of a boot for an embodiment of a brakepiston.

FIG. 17 is a detail from FIG. 16.

FIGS. 18a-c show an embodiment of a retractor for an embodiment of abrake piston.

FIG. 19 is a schematic of a brake pad showing axes.

FIGS. 20a-c are schematics of a brake pad and piston showing a pip andV-groove.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth toclearly describe various specific embodiments disclosed herein. Oneskilled in the art, however, will understand that the presently claimedinvention may be practiced without all of the specific details discussedbelow. In other instances, well known features have not been describedso as not to obscure the invention.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a brake system where a piston with anextended footing 5 is positioned in a caliper 6 where the extendedfooting 5 can press against brake pad 7 which in turn presses againstrotor 8 during operation of the brake.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a brake caliper 6 with a piston andextended footing 5 where two extensions 9 of the footing are present. Insome embodiments, one or more extensions 9 can be oriented along an axisof a brake pad 7, such as the long axis 12 of brake pad 7 which can beoriented along the direction of rotation 13 of the rotor 8, such asshown in FIG. 1. Also shown is motor 77 which can be used for actuatingthe brake, for example as a parking brake and a brake pad carrier 78.

In some embodiments of a brake pad 7, a brake pad can be any shape, suchas square, round, oval, bean, or other shape suited for the design ofthe braking system. Axes can be drawn through the brake pad by joiningthe midpoints of opposite sides of a rectangle or square whichcircumscribes the brake pad as shown in FIG. 19. In some embodiments,such as that shown in FIG. 19, the brake pad dimension measured alongone axis will be longer (the long axis 12) than the other axis.Frequently, when one axis is longer than the other axis 67, the longaxis can be oriented along the direction of rotation of the rotor, suchas by being parallel or coincident with a line tangent to the rotor.However, in some embodiments, the long axis 12 of brake pad 7 can beoriented at an angle to a line tangent to the rotor (or to a lineparallel to a tangent to the rotor), such as at an angle of 0 to 90degrees, including all integer increments and ranges therebetween, suchas 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90 degrees.

In some embodiments, when the one or more extensions 9 are orientedalong the long axis 12 of brake pad 7, the extensions 9 can be orientedat an angle to the long axis 12 of brake pad 7 and/or offset from thelong axis 12 of brake pad 7. In some embodiments, extensions 9 can beoriented parallel to long axis 12 or along long axis 12. In someembodiments, extensions 9 can be sized and oriented to correspond to theshape of the brake pad 7. In some embodiments, extensions 9 can beoriented at an angle of 0 to 90 degrees, including all integerincrements and ranges therebetween, such as 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,60, 70, 80 or 90 degrees, to the long axis 12 of brake pad 7.

In some embodiments, the extensions 9 can be offset from the long axis12, such as by a percentage of the width of the brake pad backing plate11. Suitable percentages include 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 or50 percent of the width of the backing plate 11.

Footing

In some embodiments, an extended footing 5 can have a contact surface 16(the surface which contacts brake pad backing plate 11 or a shim orother material located between the footing 5 and the brake pad backingplate 11) which is a raised surface on the footing 5 (as in FIGS. 7a and7b ) or flush with the face of the footing 5 (as in FIGS. 5a and 5b .)

In some embodiments, the contact surface 16 can have rounded sides 14and ends 15, such as that shown in FIG. 5a . Other embodiments can havesome combination of rounded or pointed or flat sides 14 and ends 15.Some embodiments can have an oval or ovoid shape while others can havemore of a bean shape, such as that shown in FIG. 7a . Some embodimentscan have straight sections located at one or more of side 14 and 15.Some embodiments can have sides 14 aligned with the outside diameter ofthe piston body 18, such as in FIGS. 5a and 5b , while some embodimentscan have the sides 14 extending beyond the outside diameter of thepiston 10 or located inboard of the outer perimeter 17 of the extendedfooting 5, such as in FIGS. 7a and 7b . Some embodiments can have ashape which corresponds to a portion of or the entirety of the brake pador can have a scaled (larger or smaller) shape of the shape of the brakepad.

The reverse side 19 of the footing 5 (the side adjacent to the pistonbody 18), can be flat or substantially flat or can have sloped surfaces65 and/or raised surfaces 66, such as those shown in FIG. 7c . In someembodiments, a sloped surface 65 can also be a raised surface 66. Insome embodiments, the structure of the reverse side 19 of the footing 5can be configured so as to distribute the force applied by the footing 5to the brake pad 7 in a particular pattern. Some force patterns whichcan be used include those which provide a substantially uniform forceacross the contact surface of the footing 5. In some embodiments, theforce can vary by no more than about 2%, 5%, 10% or 15% along thecontact surface 16 of footing 5. In some embodiments, force can define apattern of high force zones and low force zones, such as shown in FIG.8, with the high force regions 71 shown in diagonal shading. In someembodiments, a pattern of higher force can be located closer to thecenter of the contact surface 16 and in some embodiments a pattern ofhigher force can be located closer to the ends 15 and/or the sides 14 ofcontact surface 16. In some embodiments, higher force regions can belocated in some combination of locations closer to the center, closer tothe sides 14, and/or closer to the ends 15 of contact surface 16.

In some embodiments, clips 25 (such as shown in FIG. 3) can preventseparation of the footing 5 from brake pad 7. Such clips can serve toretract brake pad 7 when during operation of the brake, the brake isreleased and the piston 10 retracts into the caliper 6. Suitablelocations for the clip 25 can be adjacent to an end 15 of the footing 5,a side 14 of the footing 5, or at some location intermediate of a side14 and an end 15 of the footing 5. In some embodiments, one, two, three,four or more clips can be used. In one particular embodiment, clip 25can be a flat metallic strap affixed to the brake pad backing plate 11by any suitable means, such as by bolting, riveting, welding, soldering,pinning, peening, cementing, gluing, and the like. In some embodiments,clip 25 can be a flat metallic strap which curves up over the edge offooting 5 with one, two, three or more bends in the strap.

Alignment of the Footing

In some embodiments, it can be desirable to maintain a particularalignment of the piston body 18 with the brake pad 7. Suitable methodsto promote or maintain alignment of the piston 18 with the brake pad 7can include interaction between features on the brake pad backing plate11 and features on the footing 15. Suitable features can includeinteracting protrusion(s) or protrusion(s) that interact withrecess(es). In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 20a -c, a pip 75extends from a surface on the backing plate 11 and interacts with agroove, a recess or a V-groove 76 in the footing 5 to assist inlimiting/preventing rotation of the piston 10 relative to the pad 7and/or aligning the piston 10 relative to the pad 7. In someembodiments, a groove, recess or V-groove can be located at an edge offooting. In additional embodiments, location of the pip 75 or protrusionand location of the groove, recess or V-groove can be reversed with thepip 75 or protrusion being in the footing 5 and the groove, recess orV-groove can be in the backing plate 11. FIG. 20a shows the piston 10and brake pad 7; FIG. 20b shows the piston 10 and pad 7 in the contextof additional brake parts; FIG. 20c shows the piston 10 and pad 7mounted in a brake assembly with a blown-up detail of the pip 75 andV-groove 76.

In another embodiment, the features can be clip(s) 25 attached to thebacking plate 11 that interact with corresponding surface(s) of thefooting 5, such that rotation of the piston relative to the brake pad 7is limited or prevented or the piston 10 is aligned with the brake pad10, such as is shown in FIG. 3. In some embodiments, the correspondingsurface(s) of the footing 5 can be one or more edges of the footingand/or groove(s), recess(es) or V-groove(s) on the footing 5 and/orcorresponding clip(s) on the footing 5. In some embodiments, a clip onthe footing 5 can interact with one or more edges of the backing plate11 and/or groove(s), recess(es) or V-groove(s) on the backing plate 11and/or corresponding clip(s) on the backing plate 11.

In some embodiments, one or more of the features, such as protrusions,pips, grooves, recesses, V-grooves, clips, etc. can be located on a shimor other intervening structure between the brake pad and the piston tointeract with the piston and/or brake pad to limit or prevent rotationof the piston in relation to the brake pad or to maintain alignment withbetween the brake pad and the piston.

Piston Body and Core and Footing

In some embodiments, a piston body 18 can be used with a load bearingcolumn 70 which comprises a footing 5 and a core 26. The load bearingcolumn 70 can transfer the force of the parking brake to the brake pad 7without transferring substantial linear force to the piston body 18. Thepiston body 18 can be located with the footing 5 distal the piston body18, as shown in FIGS. 5b and 6. In some embodiments the piston body 18can be made separate from the footing 5. In some embodiments, footing 5can be a metallic material, such as steel, iron or other suitable metal,including alloys. In some embodiments, piston body 18 can be anonmetallic material, such as a plastic material, and in particularembodiments can be a phenolic material. In various embodiments, a core26 can be present within piston body 18, as shown in FIGS. 5b and 6.Suitable materials for a core 26 can include metals, such as steel, ironor other suitable metal, including alloys as well as non-metallicmaterials as well. In some embodiments, core 26 can be made integralwith footing 5, such as by casting, forging, spinning, coining,stamping, machining or the like, and in some embodiments core 26 can bejoined to footing 5 such as by welding, soldering, gluing, cementing,threading, pinning or other suitable means. In some embodiments, core 26can be slidably received into piston body 18. In addition, in variousembodiments, core 26 can be rotatable within piston body 18 ornon-rotatable, such as by inclusion of interacting surfaces on andinside diameter or at an end of piston body 18 and the outer surface ofcore 26 or the backside of footing 5. In some embodiments, anintervening material can be present between core 26 and piston body 18and/or between footing 5 and piston body 18. Such intervening materialcan facilitate or impede movement, such as by increasing or reducingfriction or by providing interference between contacting surfaces (suchas by teeth, raised surfaces, noncircular surfaces, and the like.)Piston body 18 can be fabricated to be received into an opening incaliper 6, such as into a cylinder or other appropriately shapedopening. In some embodiments, body 18 can have provision for a seal tobe present between body 18 and a wall of the opening in caliper 6.Suitable seals can include, for example, one or more O-rings and one ormore O-rings grooves in the piston body 18 and/or wall of the opening incaliper 6. In some embodiments, a circular O-ring (circularcross-section) can be used while in some embodiments and O-ring of adifferent shape can be used, with or without circular O-rings, such assquare cut or wedge or “v” or other suitable shape. Present within core26 can be a spindle 27 and/or a nut 28, for example as shown in FIGS. 5band 6.

Piston Body and Spindle Nut

Spindle nut 28 can be used as a part of a parking brake mechanism suchas by being actuated by a spindle 27 and moved in a linear direction.The spindle nut 28 can be threadably coupled to the spindle 27. In someembodiments, the spindle 27 can pass through a central region of thespindle nut 28 where threads 92 on the outside of the spindle 27interface with threads 92 on the interior of the central region ofspindle nut 28. (See FIGS. 5b and 6.) In various embodiments, thethreads can be any suitable style of thread 92, such as those having aV-shape or a square shape or a trapezoidal shape or a round shape or anACME thread shape. In some embodiments, the threads can be screw threadused in a leadscrew. In some embodiments, the threads can be those usedin a ball screw, such as ball screw threads 94 shown in FIG. 5c , FIG.5d , FIG. 5e or FIG. 5f . In some embodiments of threads for a ballscrew 94, an inner helical raceway 84 can be present on the spindle witha corresponding outer helical raceway 86 on spindle nut 28 and balls 82located within and moving along the inner helical raceway 84 and theouter helical raceway 86 and through a recirculation loop 88. In FIG. 5c, the balls 82 are recirculated through a loop 88 in the nut 28. In FIG.5d , the balls 82 are circulated through a loop 88 in the core 26 by wayof passages 90 in the nut. In FIG. 5e , the balls 82 are circulatedthrough the body 18 by way of passages 90 in the nut 28 and core 26. InFIG. 5f , the balls are circulated through a secondary set of helicalinner and outer raceways located separated from the primary helicalraceways, such as where the secondary set of helical raceways arelocated external to the spindle-nut interface, and in some embodimentscan be wrapped around the primary helical raceways, for example wherethe secondary raceways comprise a secondary inner raceway 96 (e.g. onthe outer surface of the spindle nut 28) and a secondary outer raceway98 (e.g. on the inner surface of the core 26) between the core 26 andthe nut 28. In some embodiments, the secondary raceways can serve as thereturn loop for the other raceways or the other raceways can serve asthe return loop for the secondary raceways. In some embodiments, thesecondary inner raceway can correspond to the secondary outer raceway todefine a channel for the balls. In some embodiments, the helicalraceways can run for the length of the nut 28, spindle 27 and/or core26, or for only a portion of the length of the nut 28, spindle 27 and/orcore 26. Operation of the parking brake can be accomplished by rotatingthe spindle 27 in relation to the nut 28 resulting in the nut 28 movinglinearly toward or away from the brake pad 7. (Compare FIG. 5b and FIG.4.) Suitable actuators for a parking brake can include motors, levers,handles and the like.

The piston body 18 can have one or more internal surfaces 31 forinterfacing with a spindle nut 28, as shown in FIG. 13, which can bepositioned within the piston body 18, and the internal surface(s) serveto limit and/or prevent relative rotation between the spindle nut 28 andthe piston body 18. The core 26 can have one or more internal surfaces32 for interfacing with a spindle nut 28, as shown in FIG. 9, which canbe positioned within the core 26, and the internal surface(s) serve tolimit and/or prevent relative rotation between the spindle nut 28 andthe core 26. The internal surfaces 31, 32 of the piston body 18 or core26, respectively can also be configured to allow the nut to move axiallyin a direction substantially parallel to a central axis 20 of the piston10.

The central axis 20 and the brake pad end of the piston 10 can beconfigured such that the central axis 20 is perpendicular orsubstantially perpendicular to the footing 5.

The internal surface 31, 32 of the piston body 18 or core 26 can beconfigured to comprise 3 flat surfaces 31, 32 on the inside of thepiston body 18 or core 26, or six flat surfaces 31, 32 arranged so as tointerface with a spindle nut 28 such as a hexagonal shaped spindle nut28, or only 1 or only 2 flat surfaces 31, 32. However, in variousembodiments, the internal surface of the piston body 18 or core 26 canbe configured to comprise various numbers of flat surfaces 31, 32, suchas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more and the flat surfaces 31, 32 can beconfigured to interface with a nut having a suitable number of flatsurfaces 48, such as the same number of flat surfaces, or greater thanor fewer than the number of flat surfaces 31, 32 on the piston body 18or core 26 and the number of flat surfaces 48 on the nut 28 can be 1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more. In addition, one or more or all of the flatsurfaces 31, 32 and/or flat surfaces 48 on the nut can be replaced withcurved surfaces, such as curved surfaces having a higher or lower radiusof curvature than a radius of curvature of the interior or exterior ofthe piston body 18/core 26 or spindle nut 28, and the curved surfaces ofthe inside of the piston body 18 or core 26 can be curved outward(having a center of curvature toward or beyond the central axis 20) orinward (having a center of curvature away from the central axis 20). Insome embodiments, the flat or curved surfaces of the internal surface ofthe piston body 18 or core 26 which interface with the spindle nut 28can be linked by sharp corners, or by radiused corners, or by circularcut-out corners or by additional flat surfaces.

In some embodiments, the surfaces 48 of the spindle nut 28 correspondingto the flat or curved surfaces 31, 32 of the piston body 18 or core 28can be flat or curved or some combination thereof and configured tointerface with the flat or curved ends of the piston body 12 to limit,restrict or prevent relative rotation between the piston body 12 and thespindle nut 4.

The spindle nut 28 can also include a threaded interior surface whichoperationally engages the threaded elongate portion 23 of the spindle27. The spindle nut 28 can be internally threaded for only a portion ofits length, as shown in FIG. 10a , or for its entire length. The nut caninclude a flanged section 33 or outer surface 31, 32, which can includeone or more surfaces which engage the piston body 18 or core 26 in theinternal cavity 35 or 34, respectively, to limit, restrain, impair orprevent relative rotation of the piston body 18 or core 26 and thespindle nut 28.

The spindle nut 28 can also include a flat surface or a hollow 36 on thesurface facing the core 26, for example as shown in FIG. 11. Such ahollow 36 can be sized to receive an end of the core 26, such as aproximal end 29, and in some embodiments provide stability to the core26 and/or the footing 5 or to aid in aligning the core 26 with thespindle nut 28. In some embodiments, the hollow can have a conicalshaped surface as shown in FIG. 11. In some embodiments, the end of thecore 26 can contact the surface of hollow 36 at a location between thepeak 37 and the base 38 of the hollow, such as midway along the surface,or at a location closer to the peak or closer to the base.

In some embodiments, the core 26 can have an end which contacts thespindle nut 28 which is beveled or rounded. In some embodiments, the endof the core 26 which contacts the spindle nut 28 can have a shape whichis complementary to the shape of the hollow 36 of the spindle nut 28.For example, the complementary shapes can include a cylindrical end tothe core for a cylindrical hollow 36, or a conical end to the core for aconical shaped hollow 36. In some embodiments, the core end can becylindrical or cylindrical with a rounded end and the hollow 36 can beconical. In some embodiments, the core end can include a hollow toreceive a portion of the spindle nut 28 and at least one of the core endand the portion of the spindle nut 28 received in the core end hollowcan have a conically shaped surface. In some embodiments, a retainerclip 71 can be present in a retainer groove 57, such as shown in FIG.11, to hold the core 26 in position in the piston body 18. Also, asshown in FIG. 11, a seal 72, such as an O-ring can be present betweenthe piston body 18 and the core 26.

In some embodiments, a contact surface of the spindle nut 28 can contacta portion of the core other than a proximal end to exert a later forceon the core in the direction of the bake pad 7. In one embodiment, adistal end 41 of the spindle nut 28 can contact an internal surface ofthe core 26. In some embodiments, such as is shown in FIG. 10a (andcross-section FIG. 10b ), distal end 41 of nut 28 contacts a distalsurface 42 of core 26 proximate the footing 5. In some embodiments, thecontact surface of the spindle nut 28 can contact a surface of the core26 located intermediate the footing 5 and the proximal end 29 of core26. In some embodiments, the contact surface of the nut 28 can belocated intermediate the distal end 41 and the opening 30 of the nut 28that receives the spindle 26. In some embodiments, spindle nut 28 cancontact a back side of the footing exposed inside the core 26. In someembodiments, the distal end 41 of the nut can include holes or passages47 to allow fluid to pass around and/or through the distal end 41 ofspindle nut 28, shown for example in FIG. 9.

In the various embodiments, features described in the alternative, forexample curved ends and flat surfaces for the interior surface of thepiston body and the exterior surface of the nut can be interchangedwithin the disclosure where only one of the alternatives is described,except where the context indicates otherwise.

In some embodiments, the piston body 18 and/or the spindle nut 28 and/orcore 26 and/or spindle 27 can be sized and dimensioned to reduce theopen volume in the piston that would be filled with fluid duringoperation. In some embodiments, a wall thickness of the piston body 18can be increased. In some embodiments, the piston body 18 can beconfigured with a first zone 39 having a different wall thickness than asecond zone 40. Such a configuration where the first zone 39 has athicker wall than the second zone 40, such as that shown in FIG. 11, isable to reduce the fluid volume while also achieving or maintaining alarge hydraulic area for hydraulic operation of the brake (or pneumaticarea for pneumatic operation of the brake.) In some embodiments, thewall thickness can be varied by changing the diameter of the centralbore and/or the internal cavity 34 or 35 of the core or piston body,respectively.

In some embodiments, it can desirable to configure the piston to utilizea lighter material, such as a phenolic to reduce the fluid volume of thepiston by utilizing thicker walls for the piston body. Such aconfiguration can reduce the fluid volume and reduce the weight of thepiston.

In some embodiments, other parts of the brake piston can be increased insize to reduce the fluid volume such as the diameter of the elongateportion 23 of the spindle, a length and/or diameter of the spindle nut28 and/or the spindle 27. In some embodiments, one or more dimensions ofthe core 26 can be varied to reduce the fluid volume, such as thediameter, wall thickness and length.

Footing

The footing 13 generally can have a first face (contact surface 16)proximate a disc brake pad 7 and a second face (reverse side of footing19) proximate an end of the piston body 18. In some embodiments, thefooting 5 can cover the entirety of the end of the piston body 18,extend past the edges of the piston body 18, or cover less than theentirety of the end of the piston body 18. In some embodiments, footing5 when assembled with piston body 18 can be embedded or partiallyembedded in the end of piston body 18 or can extend from the end ofpiston body 18. In some embodiments, footing 5 can contact the end ofpiston body 18 and in some embodiments there can be an interveningstructure, such as a washer or series of washers which can in someembodiments serve to modify the ability of footing 5 to rotate inrelation to piston body 18. Such rotation modification can take the formof friction increasing or friction reducing surfaces or can provideinterlocking or inter-meshing lugs or protrusions and correspondingrecesses. In some embodiments, the second face of the piston body caninclude rotation modification structures such as lugs or protrusions andcorresponding recesses between the second face of footing 5 and the endof piston body 18. In some embodiments, footing 5 can be embedded in theend of piston body 18 and have an outer diameter defining a shapecorresponding to the inner diameter of the end of piston body 18 whereinthe interaction between the corresponding outer diameter and innerdiameter limits or eliminates relative rotation between footing 5 andpiston body 18. In some embodiments, a combination of the correspondinginner and outer diameters and rotation modifying surfaces between theface of footing 5 and end of piston body 18 and/or interveningstructures and/or intervening structures with rotation modifyingsurfaces can be used together.

In some embodiments, footing 5 can include anti-rotation lugs orrecesses on the first face of footing 5 which correspond to recesses orlugs on brake pad backing plate 11 or which correspond to recesses orlugs on a part functionally connected to the brake pad positionedbetween the footing 5 and brake pad 7. In use, the anti-rotation lugs orrecesses on footing 5 can interact with the corresponding recesses orlugs to prevent rotation of footing 5 in relation to brake pad 7 and/orpiston body 18. In some embodiments, the anti-rotation lugs can alignthe footing 5 with the brake pad 7.

In some embodiments, the brake pad 7 and/or a part functionallyconnected to the brake pad and positioned between the footing 5 andbrake pad 7 can include a socket or recess or indentation to receive thefirst end of steel footing 5 and the shape of the outer diameter ofsteel footing 5 corresponds to the inner diameter of thesocket/recess/indentation so as to prevent relative rotation between thetwo parts. In various embodiments, the corresponding shapes can includenoncircular portions or can provide interfering features such asprotrusions, such as splines, or ovalized shapes, shapes including flatsurfaces, polygons, arcs with intervening flat surfaces or multifacetedshapes. (These combinations of shapes can also be used for providingnon-rotation/limited rotation capability between the spindle nut 28 andthe piston body 18.)

In some embodiments, footing 5 can include a cavity or recess in thefirst face. The cavity can be sized, positioned and shaped so as toprovide a desired degree of resilience to the footing 5 when force isbeing applied to the footing by the core 26.

Spindle Nut and Core

The spindle nut 28 can convert the rotary movement of spindle 27 intohorizontal movement of the spindle nut 28 which pushes against the core26 which in turn pushes against footing 5 which in turn pushes againstbrake pad 7. In some embodiments, spindle nut 28 can utilize a threadedconnection between the spindle 27 and the spindle nut 28 together with arotation limiting feature to convert the movement of spindle 27 to thelinear or horizontal movement of spindle nut 28. In some embodiments,the rotation limiting feature can comprise the outer surface of thespindle nut 4 which contacts an inner surface of piston body 18 or core26 to limit or prevent rotation of the spindle nut 28. In someembodiments, a rotation limiting feature can include a nonrotating jointbetween the core 26 and the spindle nut 28, such as a slidingnonrotating joint comprising interacting surfaces of the outer diameterof spindle nut 28 and an inner surface of piston body 18 or core 26. Insome embodiments, a rotation limiting feature for spindle nut 28 caninclude interfering portions of spindle nut 28 and core 26. FIG. 12shows an embodiment of a sliding nonrotating joint between core 26 andspindle nut 28 where the core 26 is received into the nut 28. FIGS. 5band 6 show embodiments where the nut 28 is received into the core 26.Also shown in FIG. 12 are retainer groove 57, through hole 58 andchannel 56. In some embodiments, channel 56 and through hole 58 canprovide a flow path such as can be useful for filling, draining and/orbleeding the brake system with fluid and for allowing the flow of fluidas the brake parts move. In some embodiments, hydraulic fluid orpneumatic gas can provide brake actuating pressure to the internalcavity 34 in a central part of core 26 to act on and push on footing 5to provide braking force.

In one embodiment of interfering portions of spindle nut 28 and core 26,spindle nut 28 can include one or more splines, sockets, recesses,protrusions, and/or one side of corresponding parts which interact withone or more corresponding splines, sockets, recesses, protrusions and/orother side of corresponding parts to limit or prevent relative rotationof spindle nut 28 and core 26.

Additional features that can be present on core 26 and spindle nut 28can include through holes, channels, passages and like which facilitatefilling of the piston with a fluid which actuates the brakes (e.g. brakefluid, hydraulic oil, gas, air and the like) and can also allow thepurging of unwanted gases or liquids from the piston. Such functionalitycan be especially helpful to allow the venting or “bleeding” of air fromthe brakes when brake fluid or hydraulic oil is used. In addition, suchfunctionality can be especially helpful to allow draining of fluids whengas or air is used to actuate the brakes.

Through holes can be provided at various locations on the core 26including at a high point, a low point, or an intermediate point.Channels can be included at various locations, such as at the end ofcore 26 proximate spindle nut 28 to provide a passage between an openingin the central portion of the core 26 to the internal cavity of thepiston body 18. Additional locations for channels include on a surfaceof the hollow 36 of the spindle nut 28 to provide a passage between thecentral portion of core 26 to the internal cavity of piston body 18, aswell as along the splines or along the corresponding features of thespindle nut 28 and core 26. In some embodiments, a passage can beprovided by over sizing or under sizing one of the corresponding partsor a portion of one of the corresponding parts such as by using a largerdiameter, a smaller diameter, etc. Passages can also be provided betweenthe spindle nut 28 and the inner surface of piston body 18. In addition,when anti-rotation features are provided between the spindle nut 28 andcore 26, the entire spindle nut 28 can in some embodiments be sized tobe smaller than the inner diameter of piston body 18 to more freelyallow the movement of gases and liquids around spindle that 28 andthrough the piston.

In some embodiments, core 26 can comprise a single piece or two or morepieces. When two or more pieces are used for core 15, they can haveinterlocking features or otherwise have features to prevent relativerotation between the two or more parts. In some embodiments, a channel,hole, or passage can be provided at the junction between two pieces ofcore 26. In one embodiment, such as when interlocking crenellations orteeth are provided, one or more of the crenellations or teeth can bemissing to provide a channel or additional slots or grooves can be madeto provide a channel.

Construction of Footing and Core

In some embodiments, the footing 5 and core 26 can be made as a singlepiece, such as by molding, forging, punching, spinning or casting aswell as other suitable methods for fabricating parts of the desiredcomplexity from the selected material/materials. In some embodiments,the footing 5 can be made separate from core 26 and then attached to oneanother. Suitable methods of attachment include welding, gluing,soldering, cementing, brazing, threading, pinning, clipping, as well asother methods of attachment suitable for the materials being joined andthe forces being resisted.

In one embodiment, footing 5 can be made from a blank of circularmaterial or material of another suitable shape which is then punched orcoined into a desired final or intermediate shape. Core 26 can be atubular material or be made from a tubular material which is welded orspin welded into position on/in footing 5. In some embodiments, core 26will fit into a socket or fit into a whole in footing 5 for attachment.

In some embodiments, core 26 and footing 5 can be assembled by passingcore 26 through the footing and core 26 being affixed to the footing 5.In some such embodiments, the portion of the core 26 extending throughfooting 5 can also form at least a portion of the face of footing 5proximate brake pad 7. In some such embodiments, the portion of core 26passing through footing 5 can form at least a portion or all of the faceof footing 5 which contacts brake pad 7 or contacts the interveningstructure between the footing 5 and brake pad 7. In some embodiments,the portion of the core 26 extending through footing 5 can form one ormore anti-rotation lugs or recesses.

Core-Body Coupler

In some embodiments, a coupler 44 can be present between the core 26 andthe piston body 18. The coupler 44 can be present in a core recess 46 inan outside wall of core 26, or the coupler 44 can be present in a bodyrecess 45 in an outside wall of piston body 18. In some embodiments,coupler 44 can be present in both a core recess 46 and a body recess 45,such as is shown in FIG. 5b and FIG. 14.

The coupler 44 and core recess 46 can be configured to exert aretracting force on the core to force the footing against the pistonbody 18. In some embodiments, the actuation of the parking brake canmove the spindle nut against the core, moving the core in a lateraldirection toward the brake pad 7 to exert a braking force against therotor 8. Upon movement of the core 26 in relation to the piston body 18,the coupler 44 can compressed by the core recess 44. In someembodiments, a sloped surface 63 or a step in the core recess 46 canpush against the coupler 44 to compress. In some embodiments, a slopedsurface 63 or a step in the core recess 46 can push against the coupler44 which pushes against a step or sloped surface of the body recess 45.Upon release of the parking brake, the compression of the coupler 44 canbe relieved, allowing the coupler 44 to move the core 26 to move thefooting 5 against piston body 18 or a material intervening betweenfooting 5 and piston body 18.

In some embodiments, coupler 44 can encircle core 26. In someembodiments, coupler 44 can form a seal between core 26 and piston body18 against brake-actuating fluid, such as brake fluid, hydraulic fluidor air. In some embodiments, the coupler 44 can be an O-ring. Coupler 44can be any suitable material which can provide a restoring force.Suitable materials can include polymers and elastomers. In someembodiments, body recess 45 can be a groove that runs completely aroundan inner diameter of body 18 and/or core recess 46 can be a groove thatruns completely around an outer diameter of core 26. In someembodiments, body recess 45 and/or core recess 46 can be configured toreceive an O-ring.

Various embodiments of coupler and corresponding body recess 45 and corerecess 46, such as those shown in FIG. 14, and including embodimentswhere body recess 45 and/or core recess 46 are grooves that runcompletely around an internal diameter of the body 18 or an outerdiameter of core 26, can include different combinations of roundsurface(s), flat surface(s), sloped surface(s) and combinations thereofsuch as those embodiments shown in FIGS. 15a -d. In one embodiment, thecore recess can include a sloped surface 63 such as that shown in FIG.15a . Sloped surface 63 can have a distal portion 64 and a proximalportion 49, where the proximal portion 49 is closer to the end of thecore 26 opposite the footing 5 and the distal portion 64 is closer tothe end of the core 26 adjacent the footing 5. As shown in FIG. 14,proximal portion 49 can be located further away from the central axis 20than the distal portion 64. In some embodiments, both the core recessand the piston body recess can include sloped surfaces 63 and 50 asshown in FIG. 15b . FIG. 15b shows that in some embodiments the slopedsurface 50 can have one portion, such as a proximal portion that iscloser to the central axis 20 of the piston than a distal portion of thesloped surface 50. In some embodiments, a sloped surface 63 in corerecess 46 can be used in conjunction with a rounded surface 51, such asis shown in FIG. 15c . FIG. 15d shows that in some embodiments, arounded surface 51can be present in the core recess 46, with a straightsurface in the body recess. In some embodiments, a rounded surface 51 inthe core recess 46 can be paired with a sloped surface 50 in body recess45. In some embodiments a rounded surface 51 can be present in both thecore recess 46 and the body recess 45. In some embodiments, the bodyrecess 45 can be seen as a step when viewed in cross-section as in FIG.15a . In some embodiments, the core recess 46 can be seen as a step whenviewed in cross-section. In some embodiments, the core recess can behave a rounded surface as a part of, in place of or in cooperation withsloped surface 63. In some embodiments, the body recess 45 and the corerecess 46 can subject coupler to double shear when the parking brake isin an activated state and the spindle nut 28 is pushing on the loadbearing column 70 comprising a footing 5 and a core 26.

Seals

In some embodiments, the brake system can include a seal between thecaliper and the brake piston. Suitable seals can include boot seals suchas shown in FIG. 16. In one embodiment, such as that shown in FIG. 17,the boot 52 includes a first contact surface which contacts the caliperand prevents intrusion of foreign material, such as one or more of dust,solids, liquids, grease, water, oil and dirt. In some embodiments, suchas shown in FIG. 17, the boot seal 52 can include a second contactsurface 54 which contacts an outer surface of piston body 18 and/or anouter surface of footing 5 and the second contact surface preventsintrusion of foreign material, such as one or more of dust, solids,liquids, grease, water, oil and dirt. In some embodiments, such as shownin FIG. 17, the second contact surface can contact both the outersurface of footing 5 and outer surface of piston body 18. In someembodiments, the second contact surface is longer than the distance thatthe footing moves in relation to the piston body during operation of theparking brake, allowing the second contact surface to bridge a gap thatoccurs between the footing and piston body during parking brakeoperation. In some embodiments, boot seal 52 can include a third sealingsurface 55 which contacts an outer surface of the body 18. In someembodiments, the second sealing surface 54 can contact a differentportion of the piston body 18 than the third sealing surface 55. In someembodiments, first, second and third contact surfaces 53, 54 and 55,respectively, can all be present. In some embodiments, less than all offirst, second and third contact surfaces can be present. In someembodiments, the boot seal can include a first contact surfacecontacting the brake, a second contact surface contacting the footingand a third contact surface contacting the piston body, wherein one ormore of the contact surfaces prevent intrusion of foreign material, suchas one or more of dust, solids, liquids, grease, water, oil and dirt. Insome embodiments, boot seal 52 can include a third sealing surface 55

Core-Spindle Nut Retracter

In some embodiments, a retractor 60 can be present between the core 26and the spindle nut 28, such as is shown in FIGS. 18a -c. In someembodiments, retractor 60 can be located between recesses 61, 62 in theouter surface of spindle nut 28 and inner surface of the core 26,respectively. The retractor 60 and the corresponding recesses 61 and 62in the core 26 and spindle nut 28 can be configured to provide aretractive force to the core 26 which can in turn apply a retractiveforce to the piston body 18 during actuation of the brakes using fluidpressure applied to the piston body 18 and/or other portions of a brakesystem. In some embodiments, application of fluid pressure moves thepiston body 18 which in turn moves the footing 5 and core 26 in relationto the spindle nut 28. The relative movement of the core 26 and thespindle nut 28 can distort or compress the retractor 60 between the core26 and the spindle nut 28. This compression or distortion can provide arestoring force between the core 26 and the nut 28, wherein upon releaseof the fluid pressure acting within the brake system, the restoringforce moves the piston body 18 and/or the footing 5 to a retractedposition. This is illustrated in FIGS. 18a-c with FIG. 18a showing thebrake piston 10 in a condition where the brakes are not actuated. FIG.18b shows the brake piston when the brakes are actuated. FIG. 18b showsthe piston body 18 and core 26 and footing 5 displaced laterally fromthe spindle nut 28, distorting/compressing the retractor 60. Thedistortion of the retractor 60 results in the retractor providing arestoring force opposing the relative movement of the core and the nut.(In some embodiments, the retractor can be located between the footingand the nut, wherein the restoring force would act on the footing andnut and oppose relative movement of the core and the nut.) FIG. 18cshows the brake piston 10 after the brake actuation has ceased and theretractor 60 has returned the core 26, footing 5 and piston body 18 tothe position relative to nut 28 shown in FIG. 18 a.

In various embodiments, different materials can be used for theretractor, such as plastics or elastomers which are sufficientlyresilient to retract the core/footing/piston body in relation to thespindle nut.

In some embodiments, the retractor 60 can be an O-ring, such as acircular O-ring, a square-cut O-ring, or another shape of O-ring such asquad ring, x-ring, v-ring, and the like. In some embodiments, the recessin the core and/or the recess in the nut can run completely around thecore/nut. In some embodiments, the recess in core 61 and/or the recessin nut 62 can be sized and configured to receive an O-ring.

In various embodiments, the core recess 61 and the spindle nut recess 62corresponding to the retractor can be configured with one or more roundsurfaces, flat surfaces, sloped surfaces and combinations thereof toprovide a retractive force during operation and to retain the retractorin place during operation.

In some embodiments, not all features shown in the figures, areincluded. In addition, other features can be added without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

Having now described the invention in accordance with the requirementsof the patent statutes, those skilled in this art will understand how tomake changes and modifications to the present invention to meet theirspecific requirements or conditions. Such changes and modifications maybe made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention asdisclosed herein.

The foregoing Detailed Description of exemplary and preferredembodiments is presented for purposes of illustration and disclosure inaccordance with the requirements of the law. It is not intended to beexhaustive nor to limit the invention to the precise form(s) described,but only to enable others skilled in the art to understand how theinvention may be suited for a particular use or implementation. Thepossibility of modifications and variations will be apparent topractitioners skilled in the art. No limitation is intended by thedescription of exemplary embodiments which may have included tolerances,feature dimensions, specific operating conditions, engineeringspecifications, or the like, and which may vary between implementationsor with changes to the state of the art, and no limitation should beimplied therefrom. Applicant has made this disclosure with respect tothe current state of the art, but also contemplates advancements andthat adaptations in the future may take into consideration of thoseadvancements, namely in accordance with the then current state of theart. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by theClaims as written and equivalents as applicable. Reference to a claimelement in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one”unless explicitly so stated. Moreover, no element, component, nor methodor process step in this disclosure is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether the element, component, or step isexplicitly recited in the Claims.

Concepts

Concept 1. A piston configured for use in a disk brake system, thepiston comprising:

a body having an outside width perpendicular to a central axis;

-   -   a footing disposed at a distal end of the piston;

wherein the footing is configured to exert force on a brake pad duringactuation of the disk brake system;

the footing having a face configured to contact the brake pad, the facehaving a length and a width, wherein the length is longer than theoutside width of the body, and the length is greater than the width.

Concept 2. The piston of Concept 1, wherein the brake pad has athickness, a length and a width, the brake pad in use being orientedwith the length being oriented along a direction of rotation of a rotorin operational communication with the brake pad, the length of thefooting being aligned with the length of the brake pad.

Concept 3. The piston of Concept 2, further comprising:

a core;

a spindle and

a nut;

-   -   wherein the core comprises an elongate structure disposed within        the body, the core having a proximal and a distal end, the        distal end being located proximate the distal end of the piston        and attached to the footing; the core having a central space        open to the proximal end of the core, the central space        configured to receive the nut and the nut is threadably        connected to the spindle.

Concept 4. The piston of Concept 3 wherein the footing further comprisesan extension, the extension configured to be in communication with thebrake pad and/or a brake caliper housing to align the footing with thebrake pad.

Concept 5. The piston of Concept 3, wherein the footing furthercomprises a recess, the recess configured to be in communication withthe brake pad and/or a brake caliper housing to align the footing withthe brake pad.

Concept 6. The piston of Concept 4, the footing further comprising arecess, the recess configured to be in communication with the brake padand/or the brake caliper housing to align the footing with the brakepad.

Concept 7. The piston of Concept 3, wherein the footing comprises twoextensions, wherein each of the extensions is aligned along a long axisof the brake pad.

Concept 8. The piston of Concept 3, wherein the nut is threadablyconnected to the spindle as a ball screw, wherein the spindle comprisesan inner helical raceway and the nut comprises an outer helical raceway,and the first and second helical raceways contain a set of balls thatmove along the inner and outer helical raceways and through arecirculation loop as the spindle and nut rotate relative to oneanother.

Concept 9. The piston of Concept 8, wherein the recirculation loop islocated in the nut.

Concept 10. The piston of Concept 8, wherein the recirculation loop islocated in the core, and the balls are circulated through therecirculation loop by way of passages in the nut.

Concept 11. The piston of Concept 8, wherein the recirculation loop islocated in the body, and the balls are circulated through therecirculation loop by way of passages in the nut and the core.

Concept 12. The piston of Concept 8, the recirculation loop comprising asecondary outer helical raceway and a corresponding secondary innerhelical raceway, the secondary inner helical raceway being located on asurface of the nut and secondary outer helical raceway being located ona surface of the core.

Concept 913. A piston assembly comprising:

the brake piston of Concept 1;

a brake pad;

a brake caliper housing;

wherein, the brake pad is fitted to the caliper housing and configuredto apply braking force to a rotor in operational communication with thepiston assembly, and

the brake piston is located within a cylinder located in the brakecaliber housing, the footing of the brake piston located adjacent thebrake pad; and

the brake pad comprising clips configured to clip to the footing.

Concept 14. The piston assembly of Concept 13, wherein the clips areconfigured to align the footing with the brake pad.

Concept 15. The piston assembly of Concept 13, wherein the clips areconfigured to retract the brake pad as the brake piston retracts.

Concept 16. The brake piston of Concept 3, further comprising acore-body coupler, wherein core includes a core recess, the bodyincludes a body recess and the core-body coupler is located in the corerecess and the body recess.

Concept 17. The brake piston of Concept 16, wherein the core recessincludes a sloped surface and the sloped surface is configured to exertcompression on the core-body coupler when the core is moved toward thedistal end of the body, and the core-body coupler exerts a retractingforce on the core to force the footing against the body.

Concept 18. The brake piston of Concept 16, wherein the core recessincludes a sloped surface having a distal end and a proximal end wherethe proximal end is located further from the central axis of the pistonthan the distal end.

Concept 19. The brake piston of Concept 16, wherein the core-bodycoupler forms a seal between the body and the core to prevent passage ofbrake fluid.

Concept 20. The brake piston of Concept 19, wherein the core-bodycoupler is an o-ring.

Concept 21. A disk brake piston comprising:

a load bearing column within a piston body, the load bearing columncomprising:

-   -   a footing configured to push against a brake pad; and    -   a core extending from the metal footing and slidably located        within the piston body; and

a spindle nut located at least partially within the core, the spindlenut having an inner surface configured for functional communication witha spindle, and an outer surface in functional communication with thecore, the outer surface having a first portion and the core having acorresponding portion, wherein the first portion and the correspondingportion prevent relative rotation of the core and the spindle nut;

wherein the spindle nut is configured to contact and push the loadbearing column which pushes on the brake pad.

Concept 22. The disk brake piston of Concept 21, wherein spindle nut hasa distal end proximate the footing, and the distal end of the spindlenut pushes the load bearing column which pushes on the brake pad.

Concept 23. The disk brake piston of Concept 22, wherein the distal endof the spindle nut pushes on the footing which pushes on the brake pad.

Concept 24. The disk brake piston of Concept 22, wherein the distal endof the spindle nut pushes on a portion of the core proximate thefooting.

We claim:
 1. A piston configured for use in a disk brake system, thepiston comprising: a body having an outside width perpendicular to acentral axis; a footing disposed at a distal end of the piston; whereinthe footing is configured to exert force on a brake pad during actuationof the disk brake system; the footing having a face configured tocontact the brake pad, the face having a length and a width, wherein thelength is longer than the outside width of the body, and the length isgreater than the width.
 2. The piston of claim 1, wherein the brake padhas a thickness, a length and a width, the brake pad in use beingoriented with the length being oriented along a direction of rotation ofa rotor in operational communication with the brake pad, the length ofthe footing being aligned with the length of the brake pad.
 3. Thepiston of claim 2, further comprising: a core; a spindle and a nut;wherein the core comprises an elongate structure disposed within thebody, the core having a proximal and a distal end, the distal end beinglocated proximate the distal end of the piston and attached to thefooting; the core having a central space open to the proximal end of thecore, the central space configured to receive the nut and the nut isthreadably connected to the spindle.
 4. The piston of claim 3 whereinthe footing further comprises an extension, the extension configured tobe in communication with the brake pad and/or a brake caliper housing toalign the footing with the brake pad.
 5. The piston of claim 3, whereinthe footing further comprises a recess, the recess configured to be incommunication with the brake pad and/or a brake caliper housing to alignthe footing with the brake pad.
 6. The piston of claim 4, the footingfurther comprising a recess, the recess configured to be incommunication with the brake pad and/or the brake caliper housing toalign the footing with the brake pad.
 7. The piston of claim 3, whereinthe footing comprises two extensions, wherein each of the extensions isaligned along a long axis of the brake pad.
 8. The piston of claim 3,wherein the nut is threadably connected to the spindle as a ball screw,wherein the spindle comprises an inner helical raceway and the nutcomprises an outer helical raceway, and the first and second helicalraceways contain a set of balls that move along the inner and outerhelical raceways and through a recirculation loop as the spindle and nutrotate relative to one another.
 9. The piston of claim 8, wherein therecirculation loop is located in the nut.
 10. The piston of claim 8,wherein the recirculation loop is located in the core, and the balls arecirculated through the recirculation loop by way of passages in the nut.11. The piston of claim 8, wherein the recirculation loop is located inthe body, and the balls are circulated through the recirculation loop byway of passages in the nut and the core.
 12. The piston of claim 8, therecirculation loop comprising a secondary outer helical raceway and acorresponding secondary inner helical raceway, the secondary innerhelical raceway being located on a surface of the nut and secondaryouter helical raceway being located on a surface of the core.
 13. Apiston assembly comprising: the brake piston of claim 1; a brake pad; abrake caliper housing; wherein, the brake pad is fitted to the caliperhousing and configured to apply braking force to a rotor in operationalcommunication with the piston assembly, and the brake piston is locatedwithin a cylinder located in the brake caliber housing, the footing ofthe brake piston located adjacent the brake pad; and the brake padcomprising clips configured to clip to the footing.
 14. The pistonassembly of claim 13, wherein the clips are configured to align thefooting with the brake pad.
 15. The piston assembly of claim 13, whereinthe clips are configured to retract the brake pad as the brake pistonretracts.
 16. The brake piston of claim 3, further comprising acore-body coupler, wherein core includes a core recess, the bodyincludes a body recess and the core-body coupler is located in the corerecess and the body recess.
 17. The brake piston of claim 16, whereinthe core recess includes a sloped surface and the sloped surface isconfigured to exert compression on the core-body coupler when the coreis moved toward the distal end of the body, and the core-body couplerexerts a retracting force on the core to force the footing against thebody.
 18. The brake piston of claim 16, wherein the core recess includesa sloped surface having a distal end and a proximal end where theproximal end is located further from the central axis of the piston thanthe distal end.
 19. The brake piston of claim 16, wherein the core-bodycoupler forms a seal between the body and the core to prevent passage ofbrake fluid.
 20. The brake piston of claim 19, wherein the core-bodycoupler is an o-ring.
 21. A disk brake piston comprising: a load bearingcolumn within a piston body, the load bearing column comprising: afooting configured to push against a brake pad; and a core extendingfrom the metal footing and slidably located within the piston body; anda spindle nut located at least partially within the core, the spindlenut having an inner surface configured for functional communication witha spindle, and an outer surface in functional communication with thecore, the outer surface having a first portion and the core having acorresponding portion, wherein the first portion and the correspondingportion prevent relative rotation of the core and the spindle nut;wherein the spindle nut is configured to contact and push the loadbearing column which pushes on the brake pad.
 22. The disk brake pistonof claim 21, wherein spindle nut has a distal end proximate the footing,and the distal end of the spindle nut pushes the load bearing columnwhich pushes on the brake pad.
 23. The disk brake piston of claim 22,wherein the distal end of the spindle nut pushes on the footing whichpushes on the brake pad.
 24. The disk brake piston of claim 22, whereinthe distal end of the spindle nut pushes on a portion of the coreproximate the footing.